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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008) |
| Millennia: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s |
| Years: | 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 |
| Categories: | Births - Deaths - Architecture Establishments - Disestablishments |
Contents |
Events and Trends
Technology
- The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G. Bell
- The light bulb was invented.
- The phonograph is invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison.
Science
- Ludwig Boltzmann's statistical definition of thermodynamic entropy
War, peace and politics
- Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) results in the collapse of the Second French Empire and in the formation of both the French Third Republic and the German Empire
- The Anglo-Zulu War lasts from 11 January 1879 - 4 July 1879.
- Continuing expansion of the British Empire; beginning of the New Imperialism
- Bulgaria and Romania declare independence following war against the Ottoman Empire
- Passive resistance is used to prevent the confiscation of Māori land at Parihaka in New Zealand
- Emergence of German Empire and Alliance System
Literature and Arts
- Jules Verne (France) publishes Around The World in Eighty Days
- In the United States, continuation of post-Civil War reconstruction until its conclusion under President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877
- Jeanne Calment, born 1875, would eventually become the longest-living human being in recorded history. She lived until 1997, at the age of 122. She still holds the record as of 2008.
- Atlas Bear goes extinct.
World Leaders
- Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
- Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada)
- Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie (Canada)
- Tongzhi Emperor (China)
- Guangxu Emperor (China)
- Emperor Wilhelm I (German Empire)
- Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (German Empire)
- King Victor Emmanuel II (Italy)
- King Umberto I (Italy)
- Emperor Meiji (Japan)
- Pope Pius IX
- Pope Leo XIII
- Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
- King Alfonso XII (Spain)
- Queen Victoria (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- President Ulysses S. Grant (United States)
- President Rutherford B. Hayes (United States)
- Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)