See also: 1936 in Australia, other events of 1937, 1938 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history.
Incumbents
State Premiers
State Governors
Events
Arts and literature
Sport
Births
- January 16 – Lorraine Bayly, actor
- January 21 – Michael Beahan, Labor Senator for Western Australia
- January 25 – John Watson, Liberal Senator for Tasmania
- February 4 – John Devitt, Olympic swimmer
- February 19 – Lee Harding, science fiction writer
- February 19 – Colin Ridgway, NFL American footballer (d. 1993)
- February 21 – Ron Clarke, Olympic athlete
- March 3 – Kevin O'Halloran, Olympic swimmer
- April 7 – Louise Faulkner, missing woman
- April 19 – Lindsay Fox, businessman
- May 27 – Peter Pinne, writer and composer
- June 1 – Colleen McCullough, novelist
- June 11 – Robin Warren, Nobel Prize-winning pathologist
- July 26 – Alan Cadman, politician
- July 26 – Guy Green, Governor of Tasmania (1995–2003)
- August 28 – Tony Marchant, Olympic track cyclist
- September 1 – Ian Callinan, High Court judge
- September 4 – Dawn Fraser, Olympic swimmer
- September 17 – Gary Chapman, Olympic swimmer
- October 3 – John Hodges, Minister for Immigration (1982–1983)
- October 10 – Bruce Devlin, golfer
- November 21 – John Kerin, politician
- December 12 – Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia
- December 12 – Judy Tegart, tennis player
- December 17 – Kerry Packer, businessman (d. 2005)
- December 36 - Kevin Rudd Current Prime Minister
Deaths
- February 14 – Walter Burley Griffin (b. 1876), architect of Canberra (died in India)
- March 18 – Walter Wilson Froggatt (b. 1858), geologist and economic entomologist
- June 9 – Charles Chewings (b. 1859), geologist and anthropologist
- July 10 – Thomas Brentnall (b. 1846), accountant and musician
- July 22 – Ted McDonald (b. 1891), cricketer and Australian Rules footballer (Essendon, Fitzroy)
- July 28 – Sir George Hyde (b. 1877), head of the Royal Australian Navy
- August 14 – Bruce Smith (b. 1851), politician
- August 28 – George Prendergast (b. 1854), Premier of Victoria (1924)
- September 28 – William Ramsay Smith (b. 1859), anthropologist
- October 2 – Sir Granville Ryrie (b. 1865), soldier
- November 4 – Alfred Walter Campbell (b. 1868), neurologist
- November 6 – William Moore (b. 1868), art and drama critic
- November 17 – Jack Worrall (b. 1860), cricketer and Australian Rules footballer
- November 19 – Rayner Hoff (b. 1894), sculptor
- November 27 – Walter Howchin (b. 1845), geologist
- December 11 – Godfrey Irving (b. 1867), soldier and Chief of the General Staff (1915)
- December 16 – Sir Murray Bourchier (b. 1881), soldier and
Deputy Premier of Victoria
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