Fumonisin B1.html

Fumonisin B1

IUPAC name	(2S,2'S)-2,2'-{[(5S,6R,7R,9R,11S,16R,18S,19S)-19-amino-11,16,18-trihydroxy-5,9-dimethylicosane-6,7-diyl]bis[oxy(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)]}disuccinic acid
Other names	Macrofusine
Identifiers
CAS number	116355-83-0
PubChem	62314
Properties
Molecular formula	C₃₄H₅₉NO₁₅
Molar mass	721.83 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	White to off-white powder
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references

Fumonisine B1 is an inhibitor of ceramide synthase.

Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins produced by several species of Fusarium moulds which occur mainly in maize. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple.

Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfunction.

References

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (September 2007)

External links

http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/212211.htm&word=leukoencephalomalacia

Toxins (enterotoxin/neurotoxin/hemotoxin/cardiotoxin)

Bacterial toxins

Exotoxin

Gram positive bacilli	clostridium: tetani (Tetanospasmin) · perfringens (Alpha toxin, Enterotoxin) · difficile (A, B) · botulinum (Botox) other: Anthrax toxin · Listeriolysin O

Gram positive cocci	Streptolysin · Leukocidin (Panton-Valentine leukocidin) · Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus alpha/beta/delta, Exfoliatin, Toxic shock syndrome toxin, SEB)

Actinobacteria	Cord factor · Diphtheria toxin

Gram negative proteobacteria	Shiga toxin · Verotoxin/shiga-like toxin (E. coli) · E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin/enterotoxin · Cholera toxin · Pertussis toxin · Pseudomonas exotoxin

Types	type I (Superantigen) · type II (Pore forming toxins) · type III (AB toxin/AB5)

Endotoxin

Lipopolysaccharide (Lipid A) · Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin

Virulence factor

Clumping factor A · Fibronectin binding protein A

Mycotoxins

Aflatoxin · Amatoxin (Alpha-amanitin, Beta-amanitin, Gamma-amanitin, Epsilon-amanitin) · Citrinin · Cytochalasin · Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2) · Gliotoxin · Ibotenic acid · Muscimol · Ochratoxin · Patulin · Sterigmatocystin · Trichothecene · Vomitoxin · Zeranol · Zearalenone

Invertebrates

arthropod: scorpion (Charybdotoxin, Maurotoxin, Agitoxin, Margatoxin, Slotoxin, Scyllatoxin, Hefutoxin) · Latrotoxin (Alpha-latrotoxin) · Stromatoxin
mollusk: Conotoxin · Eledoisin · Onchidal · Saxitoxin

Vertebrates

fish: Ciguatera · Tetrodotoxin

amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A · Batrachotoxin · Bufotoxins (Arenobufagin, Bufotalin, Bufotenin · Cinobufagin, Marinobufagin) · Epibatidine · Histrionicotoxin · Pumiliotoxin 251D · Tarichatoxin

reptile: Bungarotoxin (Alpha-Bungarotoxin, Beta-Bungarotoxin) · Calciseptine · Taicatoxin · Calcicludine

note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species

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