Chicago holds a distinguished place in the history of American education. The University of Chicago, in particular, was the site of the first nuclear reaction in human history. The concept of junior colleges was pioneered by William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, and J. Stanley Brown in 1899. At the time, Brown was the superintendent of the Joliet Schools. During this time he developed a six year plan for high school students. As a result, Joliet Junior College was established and to this day, it remains the nation's oldest community college.
- Adler School of Professional Psychology
- American Academy of Art
- Catholic Theological Union
- Chicago School of Professional Psychology
- Chicago State University
- Chicago Theological Seminary, the oldest institution of higher education in the City of Chicago; a seminary of the United Church of Christ.
- City Colleges of Chicago
- Columbia College Chicago, located in the South Loop, the largest media arts school in the nation.
- DePaul University, the largest Roman Catholic university in America and the largest private educational institution in Illinois. The main campuses are located in Lincoln Park and in the Loop housed in several skyscrapers including three entirely owned by DePaul University.
- DeVry University, which has several campuses, one on the city's north side, and one each in the suburbs of Tinley Park and Gurnee.
- East-West University, located in the South Loop.
- Harrington College of Design, located in the Loop, grants BFA degrees in Interior Design and Associate's in other design fields.
- Hebrew Theological College
- Illinois College of Optometry, the largest and oldest optometry college in the United States.
- Illinois Institute of Art - Chicago, based in the Merchandise Mart and Loop, offers Fashion, Interior Design, Media and culinary degrees.
- Illinois Institute of Technology, located in Bronzeville, known for its engineering and architecture programs. Includes Chicago-Kent College of Law.
- John Marshall Law School (Chicago), located in the heart of the Loop, John Marshall is the city's oldest independent law school.
- Kendall College
- The Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
- Loyola University, among the largest of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. It has four campuses including the Loyola University Chicago Rome Center in Rome, Italy. The main Lakeshore Campus in Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods of Chicago, is home to the College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Joseph College Seminary and Mundelein College, the first college housed in a skyscraper in the United States.
- MacCormac College, a 2-year career college located in the Loop.
- McCormick Theological Seminary, a seminary of the Presbyterian Church (USA).
- Meadville Lombard Theological School, a graduate school of the Unitarian Universalist Association.
- Midwest College of Oriental Medicine
- Moody Bible Institute
- Northeastern Illinois University, which in the past, has been ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of the most ethnically diverse institutions of higher education in the midwest.
- North Park Theological Seminary, a seminary affiliated with the Evangelical Covenant Church.
- North Park University
- Northwestern University main campus in Evanston, IL (a suburb), medical and law campus in Streeterville, north of the Loop.
- Pacific College of Oriental Medicine
- Robert Morris College
- Roosevelt University, a private institute of higher education located in the Auditorium Building, with a satellite campus in nearby suburban Schaumburg and extension sites in the Little Village and Logan Square neighborhoods of Chicago.
- Rush University, a private healthcare-oriented university which includes Rush Medical College.
- St. Augustine College a bilingual college created by the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago.
- Saint Xavier University Chicago's oldest Roman Catholic university, founded by the Sisters of Mercy.
- The School of the Art Institute of Chicago
- Shimer College, known as "The Great Books College of Chicago," with its unique curriculum based on small discussion classes concerning readings of original sources, rather than textbooks.
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, offers doctoral degrees in computer science
- The University of Chicago, an elite private research university located principally within Hyde Park neighborhood.
- Triton College
- University of Illinois at Chicago, the largest university in Chicago
- Vandercook College of Music, a private four-year college specializing in educating music educators.
- Westwood College Of Technology
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