This is a list of revolutions and rebellions.
BC
1 - 1000
- 6-9: the Pannonians, with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolted, and were overcome by Tiberius and Germanicus, after a hard-fought campaign which lasted for three years.
- 9: Arminius revolt against the Roman Empire; alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius ambushed and annihilated three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
- 18: Red Eyebrow Rebellion in China
- 20: Green Forest Rebellion in China
- 60-61: Boudica, queen of the Celtic Iceni people of Norfolk in Roman-occupied Britain, led a major uprising of the Briton tribes against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.1
- 66-70: Great Jewish Revolt, the first of three Jewish-Roman wars that took place in Iudaea Province against the Roman Empire.2
- 69-70: Batavian rebellion in the Roman province of Germania Inferior.
- 115-117: Kitos War, the second Jewish-Roman wars.
- 132-135: Bar Kokhba's revolt, the third and last Jewish-Roman wars.
- 184: Zhang Jiao led an unsuccessful peasant revolt called the Yellow Turban Rebellion during the later Han dynasty, which later collapsed due to destabilization and lack of co-ordination with other Yellow Turban forces across China.
- 496: Mazdak led a Persian socialistic movement and overthrows Shahanshah Kavadh I of the Persian empire.
- 532: Nika revolt in Constantinople, similar to the mayhem that erupts after a soccer championship in modern times, with nearly half the city being burned or destroyed.
- 613: Rebellion by Yang Xuangan in China was crushed by Sui Dynasty.
- 623: Uprising of Slavs led by Samo against Avars.
- 685-699: Azraqi Khariji revolt in Iraq and Iran against the Umayyad Caliphate
- 740: Zaidi revolt against the Umayyad dynasty.
- 740-743: The Great Berber Revolt in Maghreb against the Umayyads marked the first successful secession from the Arab caliphate (ruled from Damascus).
- 747-750: The successful Abbasid Revolt overthrew the Umayyad dynasty. When Abbasids declared amnesty for members of the Umayyad family, eighty gathered to receive pardons, and all were massacred.
- 755:Abd ar-Rahman I landed at Almuñécar in al-Andalus. Abd ar-Rahman I was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries.
- 755-763: Rebellion by powerful Jiedushi An Lushan in Tang Dynasty, which caused heavy damage in China in terms of population and economy.
- 782-785: Saxon revolt against Charlemagne. Rebellion was part of Saxon Wars.
- 814: Al-Hakam I crushed a rebellion of Iberian Muslims led by clerics in a suburb called al-Ribad on the south bank of the Guadalquivir river.
- 817-837: revolution of the Iranian Khurramites led by Babak Khorramdin.
- 824-836: The revolt of Arab troops in Tunisia against Aghlabids was only put down with the help of the Berbers.
- 828: Failed rebellion by Kim Heon-chang against Silla
- 845: Rebellion by famous naval commander Jang Bogo against Silla. Rebellion was ended when Jang was assassinated.
- 861-1003: Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar established Saffarid dynasty. He seized control of the Seistan region, conquering modern-day eastern Iran, much of Afghanistan, and parts of Pakistan. Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar started his campaign as a bandit and formed his own army.
- 869-883: Zanj Rebellion of black African slaves in Iraq. The Zanj Rebellion was crushed in 883 by the Abbasids.3
- 875-884: Rebellion by salt smuggler Huang Chao against Tang Dynasty China, which later collapsed due to the destabilization caused by the rebellion.
- 884: Umar ibn Hafsun led anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Spain.
- 893: Abu 'Abdullah al-Shi'i began his efforts to establish stronghold for Fatimids in North Africa.
- 899-906: The Qarmatians, an extremist Ismā'īlī Muslim sect centered in eastern Arabia, revolted against Abbasids.
- 943-947: The great revolt of Abu Yazid, a Khariji Berber leader who assembled a large tribal coalition against Fatimid rule.
- 982: The great revolt of the pagan Polabian Slavs of the lower Elbe against the Holy Roman Empire.
1000-1600
- See also: Popular revolt in late medieval Europe
The end of the unsuccessful Peasants' Revolt in England 1381. Rebel leader Wat Tyler is killed while Richard II watches, a second image within the painting shows Richard addressing the crowd
1600-1900
- 1676: Bashkir Rebellion against Russian rule.
- 1680: Pueblo Revolt against Spanish settlers in New Mexico.
- 1682: Moscow Uprising of the Moscow Streltsy regiments.
- 1688: Siamese revolution (1688) the overthrow of pro-foreign Siamese king Narai by Mandarin Petracha
- 1688: The Glorious Revolution overthrow in England of King James II and establishment of a Whig-dominated Protestant constitutional monarchy.
- 1688-1746: The 'Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746.
- 1689: Karposh's Rebellion against Ottoman Empire.
- 1693: the second Revolta de les Germanies in Valencia, prompted by feudal taxation.
- 1698: Streltsy Uprising in Russia.
- 1702-1715: Camisard Rebellion in France.
- 1703-1711: The Rákóczi Uprising against the Habsburgs.
- 1707-1709: Bulavin Rebellion in Imperial Russia.
- 1709: Mir Wais Hotak, an Afghani tribal leader, led a successful rebellion against Gurgin Khan, the Persian governor of Kandahar.
- 1722: Afghan rebels defeated Shah Sultan Hossein and ended the Safavid dynasty.
- 1743: Fourth Dalecarlian Rebellion in Sweden.
- 1745-1746: The Jacobite Rising in Scotland.
- 1763-1766: Pontiac's Rebellion by numerous North American Indian tribes who joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the Great Lakes region.
- 1768: Rebellion of 1768 by Creole and German settlers objecting to the turnover of the Louisiana Territory from New France to New Spain
- 1770: Orlov Revolt in Peloponnese
- 1773-1775:Pugachev's Rebellion was the largest peasant revolt in Russia's history. Between the end of the Pugachev rebellion and the beginning of the 19th century, there were hundreds of outbreaks across Russia.5
- 1774-1783: the American Revolution establishes independence of the thirteen North American colonies from Great Britain, creating the republic of the United States of America. A war of independence in that it created one nation from another, it was also a revolution in that it overthrew an existing societal and governmental order: the Monarchic Colonial government. The American Revolution heavily influenced the French Revolution that followed it and led to the creation of a Constitutional form of government (see U.S. Constitution).
- 1773-1802?: Tay Son Revolt, annihilation of the ruling Trinh and Nguyen clans as well as the Le Dynasty in Dai Viet.
- 1780-1782: José Gabriel Condorcanqui, known as Túpac Amaru II, raises an indigenous peasant army in revolt against Spanish control of Peru. Julián Apasa, known as Tupac Katari allied with Tupac Amaru and lead an indigenous revolt in Alto Peru (preset day Bolivia) nearly destroying the city of La Paz in a siege.
- 1789: regarded as one of the most influential of all socio-political revolutions, the French Revolution is associated with the rise of the bourgeoisie and the downfall of the aristocracy.
- 1791-1804: the successful slave rebellion led by Toussaint Louverture establishes Haiti as the first free, black republic.
- 1793-1796: Revolt in the Vendée was popular uprising against the Republican government during the French Revolution.
- 1794: Polish revolt
- 1795-1796: rebels in Grenada led by Julien Fédon execute the governor and wrest control of most of the island from Britain, which maintains a stronghold in St. George's, the capital. The goal was to incorporate Grenada into revolutionary France, but Fédon soon disappeared and was never heard from again.
- 1796-1804: The White Lotus Rebellion against the Manchu Dynasty in China.
- 1797: Spithead and Nore mutinies were two major mutinies by sailors of the British Royal Navy.
- 1798: The Irish Rebellion of 1798 failed to overthrow British rule in Ireland.
- 1803: The rebellion of Robert Emmet in Dublin, Ireland against British rule
- 1804-1813: The First Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule.
- 1808: Dos de Mayo Uprising against the occupation of Madrid by French troops.
- 1808-1814: The Peninsula war.
- 1809-1810: The Rebellion of Velu Thampi Dalawa of Travancore.
- 1810-1821: the Mexican War of Independence, a revolution against Spanish colonialism
- 1810: the Viceroy of the Río de la Plata is deposed by local officers in Argentina
- 1810-1840: the dictatorship of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia in Paraguay is dubbed the "autonomous revolution" by Paraguay specialist Richard Alan White.6 Influenced by the Jacobins of the French Revolution and the meritocratic theory of socialism propounded by Henri de Saint-Simon, Francia led his country on an isolationist path, emphasizing self-sufficiency and breaking the power of the traditional colonial elite with harsh, autocratic repression. His rule was know as tyrannical, anticlerical, and xenophobic. Paraguay remained one of South America's most advanced countries until the War of the Triple Alliance.
Battle at "Snake Gully" 1802, during the Haitian Revolution against French rule which succeeded in 1804
- 1863-1865: January Uprising was the Polish uprising against the Russian Empire.
- 1865: Morant Bay rebellion
- 1866: Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia
- 1866-1868: Meiji Restoration and modernization revolution in Japan. Samurai uprising leads to overthrow of shogunate and establishment of "modern" parliamentary, Western-style system.
- 1867: Fenian Rising An attempt at a nationwide rebellion by the Irish Republican Brotherhood against British rule.
- 1868: the Glorious Revolution in Spain deposes Queen Isabella II
- 1868: in the Grito de Lares, rebels proclaim the independence of Puerto Rico from Spain.
- 1869 - 1870: Red River Rebellion, the events surrounding the actions of a provisional government established by Métis leader Louis Riel at the Red River Settlement, Manitoba, Canada.
- 1871: Paris Commune
- 1871-1872: Porfirio Díaz rebels against President Benito Juárez of Mexico
- 1871: liberal revolution in Guatemala
- 1875: Deccan Riots
- 1875: Herzegovinian rebellion, the most famous of the rebellions against the Ottoman Empire in Herzegovina; unrest soon spread to other areas of Ottoman Bosnia.
- 1876: a second rebellion by Porfirio Díaz against President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada of Mexico
- 1876: the April uprising, a revolt by the Bulgarian population against Ottoman rule.
- 1877: Satsuma Rebellion of Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government.
- 1882: Urabi Revolt: an uprising in Egypt on June 11, 1882 against the Khedive and European influence in the country. It was led by and named after Colonel Ahmed Urabi.
- 1885: a peasant revolt in the Ancash region of Peru led by Pedro Pablo Atusparía succeeds in occupying the Callejón de Huaylas for several months
- 1885: North-West Rebellion of Métis in Saskatchewan
- 1888: the Rebellion of Peasant in Banten, Indonesia.
- 1893: a liberal revolt brings José Santos Zelaya to power in Nicaragua
- 1894-1895: Donghak Peasant Revolution: Korean peasants led by Jeon Bong-jun revolted against Joseon Dynasty; the revolt was crushed by Japanese and Chinese intervention, leading to First Sino-Japanese War
- 1895: revolution against President Andrés Avelino Cáceres in Peru ushers in a period of stable constitutional rule
- 1896-1898: the Philippine Revolution, a war of independence against Spanish rule directed by the Katipunan society
- 1898: Dukchi Ishan (Andican Uprising) Kirgiz,Uzbek,Kipcak peoples uprised against Tsarist Russia in Turkestan(Fargana Valley).
- 1898: A mob of white supremacists forces out the city government of Wilmington, North Carolina.10
- 1899-1901: Boxer Rebellion against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of the Qing Dynasty.
1900-1950
- 1910: the Mexican Revolution overthrows the dictator Porfirio Díaz; seizure of power by Institutional Revolutionary Party.
- 1910: republican revolution in Portugal
- 1910-1911: the Sokehs Rebellion erupts in German-ruled Micronesia. Its primary leader, Somatau, is executed soon after being captured.
- 1911: the Xinhai Revolution overthrows the ruling Qing Dynasty and establishment of the Republic of China.
- 1914: the Ten Days War was a shooting war involving irregular forces of coal miners using dynamite and rifles on one side, opposed to the Colorado National Guard, Baldwin Felts detectives, and mine guards deploying machine guns, cannon and aircraft on the other, occurring in the aftermath of the Ludlow Massacre. The Ten Days War ended when federal troops intervened.
- 1914: Boer Revolt against the British in South Africa.
- 1915: Armenian Revolt in city of Van against the Ottomans in Turkey resulting in the 1st genocide of 20th century where a million and a half Armenians were sent on death marches.
- 1916: Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland during which the Irish Republic was proclaimed.
- 1916: an anti-French uprising in Algeria.
- 1916: Central Asian Revolt started when the Russian Empire government ended its exemption of Muslims from military service.
- 1916-1918: Arab Revolt with the aim of securing independence from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1916-1923: Irish War of Independence, the period of nationalist rebellion, guerrilla warfare, political change and civil war which brought about the establishment of the independent nation, the Irish Free State.
- 1916-1947: Gandhi's Struggle for Indian Independence.
- 1917: French Army Mutinies.
- 1917: the February Revolution overthrows Tsar Nicholas II in Russia.
- 1917: the Green Corn Rebellion takes place in rural Oklahoma.
- 1917: October Revolution in Russia - Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia and the establishment of the Soviet Union.
- 1918: Christmas Uprising in Montenegro - Montenegrins (Zelenaši) rebelled against unification of Kingdom of Montenegro with Kingdom of Serbia.
- 1918: Wilhelmshaven mutiny
- 1918: German Revolution Overthrow of the Kaiser by a workers' revolution; establishment of the Weimar Republic.
- 1918-1919: a wave of strikes and student unrest shakes Peru. These events influence two of the dominant figures of Peruvian politics in the 20th century: Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and José Carlos Mariátegui.
- 1918-1919: Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919) Polish uprising against German authorities
- 1918-1920: Georgian-Ossetian conflict (1918-1920), the southern Ossetians revolted against Georgian rule.11
- 1918-1921: Ukrainian Revolution
- 1918-1922: Third Russian Revolution, a failed anarchist revolution against both Bolshevism and the White movement.
- 1918-1931: Basmachi Revolt against Soviet Russia rule in Central Asia.
- 1919-1921: Tambov Rebellion, one of the largest peasant rebellions against the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War.
- 1919-1922: Turkish War of Independence commanded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
- 1919: German Revolution
- 1919: revolution in Hungary results in the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic
- 1920: Pitchfork Uprising was a peasant uprising against the Soviet policy of the war communism in what is today Tatarstan.
- 1920-1922: Gandhi led Non-cooperation movement.
- 1921: Battle of Blair Mountain ten to fifteen thousand coal miners rebel in West Virginia, assaulting mountain-top lines of trenches established by the coal companies and local sheriff's forces in the largest armed, organized uprising in American labor history.
- 1921: Kronstadt rebellion of Soviet sailors against the government of the early Russian SFSR.
- 1921-1923: Yakut Revolt
- 1921-1924: a revolution in (Outer) Mongolia re-establishes the country's independence and sets out to construct a Soviet-style socialist state
- 1922-1923: Irish Civil War, between supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the government of the Irish Free State and more radical members of the original Irish Republican Army who opposed the treaty and the new government.
- 1923: Founding of Republic of Turkey by overthrowing the Ottoman Empire, introduction of Atatürk's Reforms.
- 1923: Klaipėda Revolt in the Memel territory that had been detached from Germany after World War I.
- 1924-1927: Sheikh Said Rebellion
- 1925: July Revolution in Ecuador
- 1925-1927: The Syrian Revolution, a revolt initiated by the Druze and led by Sultan al-Atrash against French Mandate.
- 1926: the so-called "National Revolution" in Portugal initiates a period known as the "National Dictatorship"
- 1926-1929: the Cristero War in Mexico, an uprising against anti-clerical government policy
- 1926-1927: the first PKI - or Indonesian Communist Party - rebellion against colonialism and imperialism of Dutch Hindie.
- 1927-1931: Kurdish Rebellion against Turkey.
- 1927-1933: rebellion led by Augusto César Sandino against the United States presence in Nicaragua
- 1930: Brazilian Revolution of 1930 led by Getúlio Vargas.
- 1930: Salt Satyagraha, a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India .
- 1932: a Constitutionalist Revolution against the provisional president Getúlio Vargas led Brazil to a short civil war.
- 1932: an Aprista revolt in Trujillo, Peru. After about 60 officers are executed, the army responds with the killing of at least 1,000 people. The repression includes the first aerial bombing in South American history.
- 1932: the Siamese coup d'état of 1932, sometimes called the "Promoters Revolution", ends absolute monarchy in Thailand
- 1933: popular revolution against Cuban dictator Gerardo Machado
- 1934: In October, workers including radical socialists and anarchists stage coups in the Spanish regions of Asturias and Catalonia. The immediate cause was the entrance of a right-wing Catholic party into the government of the unstable Second Spanish Republic. The Asturian uprising was put down by General Francisco Franco.
- 1936: the Febrerista Revolution, oligarchic Liberal Party rule in Paraguay ended by Rafael Franco.
- 1936: General Francisco Franco leds a coup and starts the Spanish Civil War.
- 1936: Spanish Revolution
- 1936-1939: a period of so-called "military socialism" in Bolivia follows a revolution in which celebrated war hero David Toro takes power. A constitution establishing a corporative state is promulgated in 1938, following the nationalization of Standard Oil and the passage of progressive labor laws.
- 1937-1938: Dersim Rebellion was the most important Kurdish rebellion in modern Turkey.
- 1937: the "Jornadas de Mayo", a workers' revolution in Catalonia
- 1938-1948: The Zionist Revolution - the period of Jewish nationalist rebellion and guerrilla warfare against the British Empire in Palestine which brought about the establishment of the State of Israel. Mainly fought by the Lehi and Irgun underground organizations but periodically joined by the Jewish Agency's official Haganah militia.
- 1940-1944: Insurgency in Chechnya
- 1941: June Uprising against the Soviet Union in Lithuania
- 1941-1945: Yugoslav People's Liberation War against the Axis Powers in World War II.
- 1942: Sri Lankan soldiers ignite the Cocos Islands Mutiny in an unsuccessful attempt to transfer the islands to Japanese control
- 1942: The destruction of the German garrison in Lenin
- 1943: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
- 1943: Uprising at Treblinka extermination camp
- 1943: Uprising at Sobibór extermination camp
- 1944: Guatemalan Revolution overthrows the dictator Federico Ponce Vaides by liberal military officers.
- 1944: Warsaw Uprising was an armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule. It started on August 1, 1944.
- 1944: Paris Uprising staged by the French Resistance against the German Paris garrison.
- 1944: Slovak National Uprising against Nazi Germany
- 1944: Uprising at Auschwitz extermination camp
- 1944-1947: a Communist-friendly government is installed in Bulgaria following a coup d'état and the Soviet invasion. The government was nominally a coalition called the Fatherland Front, but the Communist Party faction consolidated its power with Soviet support until 1947, when Soviet troops withdrew. Many royalist and fascist leaders from the previous Axis regime were given summary trials and executed.
- 1944: Following the liberation of Albania completed on November 29, the Communist Party of Albania under Enver Hoxha consolidates its control, moves forward with industrialization and modernization, and declares the People's Republic of Albania in January 1946.
- 1944-1949: Greek Civil War.
- 1944-1965: Forest Brothers Rebellion in Baltic states against Soviet Union.
- 1945-1949: Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch after their independence from Japan. Led by Soekarno, Hatta, Tan Malaka, etc. with the Dutch led by Van Mook.
- 1945: Prague uprising against German occupation during World War II.
- 1945: August Revolution led by Ho Chi Minh declares the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from French rule
- 1945: democratic revolution in Venezuela led by Rómulo Betancourt
- 1947: Three months after an abortive coup, civil war breaks out in Paraguay. Led by Rafael Franco, the former head of the Febrerista (see above) government displaced in 1937, the rebellion was crushed by the government of dictator Higinio Morínigo. A local commander, Lt. Col. Alfredo Stroessner, seized the presidency in 1954 and ruled until 1989.
- 1946-1951: Telengana Rebellion a Communist led peasant revolt that took place in the Hyderabad State, India.
- 1947-1952: In the Albanian Subversion, the intelligence services of the United States and Britain deploy exiled fascists, Nazis, and monarchists (especially members of Balli Kombëtar and the Legaliteti) in a failed attempt to foment a counterrevolution in Communist-ruled Albania. The exiles carried out some sabotage but found little popular support. Some exiles were captured and executed, along with some ordinary Albanians suspected of assisting them.
- 1947 Indian Revolution ends with the British withdrawing all of its troops, governors and anyone else under its command from India, due to the extreme pressure being administered upon them, by the Indian populace, and their leaders, such as M.K. Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
- 1948: following the liberation of Korea, Marxist former guerrillas under Kim Il Sung work to rapidly industrialize the country and rid it of the last vestiges of "feudalism."
- 1948-1960: Malayan Emergency
- 1949: the Communist-led Chinese Revolution under chairman Mao overthrows the ruling Nationalist Party and establishes the People's Republic of China.
- 1950: Jayuya revolt in Puerto Rico, explosion in the Blair House, and shooting at Congress, all looking for Puerto Rican independence.
- 1954-1962: Algerian War of Independence - revolutionary war of independence against French colonialism
1950-2000
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