List of state leaders in 1899.html



1898 state leaders - Events of 1899 - 1900 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Abyssinia - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889-1913)
• Ashanti Confederacy - Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896-1900)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908) (part way through the year Burundi became a German colony, reducing the King to a mainly ceremonial role)
• Egypt - Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt (1892-1914) (under British occupation)
• Liberia - William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896-1900)
• Morocco - Abdelaziz, Sultan of Morocco (1894-1908)
• Orange Free State - Marthinus Theunis Steyn, President of the Orange Free State (1896-1902)
• South African Republic - Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, President of the South African Republic (1883-1902)
• Tunisia - Ali Muddat ibn al-Husayn, Bey of Tunis (1882-1902) (under French protectorate)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Hamud bin Muhammed Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1896-1902) (under British protectorate)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Abdur Rahman Khan, King of Afghanistan (1880-1901)
• Bahrain - Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim of Bahrain (1869-1932)
• Brunei - Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan of Brunei (1885-1906)
• Cambodia - Norodom, King of Cambodia (1860-1904) (under French protectorate)
• China (Qing Dynasty)
  • Emperor - Guangxu, Emperor of China (1875-1908)
  • De facto ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898-1908)
  • Tibet - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1876-1933)
• Filipinas
  • President - Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (1899-1901)
  • President of the Council of Government -
    1. Apolinario Mabini, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
    2. Pedro Paterno, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
• India
  • Monarch - Victoria, Empress of India (1877-1901)
  • Governor-General -
  1. Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, Governor-General of India (1894 - 1899)
  2. George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Governor-General of India (1899 - 1904)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912)
  • Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo, Prime Minister of Japan (1898-1900)
• Korea (Korean Empire) - Gojong, Emperor of Korea (1864-1907, King before 1897)
• Kuwait - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1896-1915)
• Oman - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (1888-1913)
• Persia - Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896-1907)
• Siam - Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868-1910)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince:
      1. Felix Faure, President of France (1895-1899)
      2. Emile Loubet, President of France (1899-1906)
    • Salvador Casanas i Pages, Bishop of Urgel (1879-1901)
• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Count Franz von Thun und Hohenstein, Minister-President of Austria (1898-1899)
  2. Count Manfred von Clary und Aldringen, Minister-President of Austria (1899)
  3. Heinrich von Wittek, Minister-President of Austria (1899-1900)
  • Minister-President of Hungary -
  1. Baron Dezső Bánffy, Minister-President of Hungary (1895-1899)
  2. Kálmán Széll, Minister-President of Hungary (1899-1903)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
  • Cabinet Chief -
    1. Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1896-1899)
    2. Jules Vandenpeereboom, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899)
    3. Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899-1907)
• Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886-1918)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1894-1899)
    2. Dimitar Grekov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899)
    3. Todor Ivanchov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899-1901)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
  • Prime Minister - Hugo Egmont Hørring, Prime Minister of Denmark (1897-1900)
• France -
  • President -
    1. Félix Faure, President of France (1895-1899)
    2. Émile Loubet, President of France (1899-1906)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Charles Dupuy, President of the Council (1898-1899)
    2. René Waldeck-Rousseau, President of the Council (1899-1902)
• German Empire -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888-1918)
  • Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (1894-1900)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1899
• Greece
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863-1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (1897-1899)
    2. Georgios Theotokis, Prime Minister of Greece (1899-1901)
• Holy See - Pope Leo XIII, Pope (1878-1903)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878-1900)
  • Prime Minister - Luigi Pelloux, Prime Minister of Italy (1898-1900)
• Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858-1929)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888-1915)
• Monaco
  • Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889-1922)
• Montenegro
  • Monarch - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860-1918)
  • Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1879-1905)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890-1948)
  • Prime Minister - Nicolaas Pierson, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1897-1901)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Norway (1872-1905)
  • Prime Minister - Johannes Steen, Prime Minister of Norway (1898-1902)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan - Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)
  • Grand Vizier - Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1895-1901)
• Portugal
  • Monarch - Carlos, King of Portugal (1889-1908)
  • Prime Minister - Jose Luciano, Prime Minister of Portugal (1897-1900)
• Romania
  • Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1881-1914)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dmitrie Sturdza, Prime Minister of Romania (1897-1899)
    2. Gheorghe Cantacuzino, Prime Minister of Romania (1899-1900)
• Russia - Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (1894-1917)
• San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Marino Borbiconi and Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1898-1899)
    2. Gemino Gozi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899)
    3. Frederico Gozi and Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899-1900)
• Serbia
  • Monarch - Alexander I, King of Serbia (1889-1903)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladan Djordjevic, Prime Minister of Serbia (1897-1900)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1931)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain (1897-1899)
    2. Francisco Silvela le Vielleuze, Prime Minister of Spain (1899-1900)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872-1907)
  • Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström, Prime Minister of Sweden (1891-1900)
• Switzerland -
  • Swiss Federal Council - Eduard Muller, Walter Hauser, Adolf Deucher, Adrien Lachenal (until 1899), Robert Comtesse (since 1899), Josef Zemp, Eugene Ruffy (until 1899), Marc-Emile Ruchet (since 1899), Ernst Brenner
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885-1886, 1886-1892, 1895-1902)

North America and the Caribbean

• Dominion of Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1867-1901)
  • Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Governor-General of Canada (1898-1904)
  • Prime Minister -Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896-1911)
• Costa Rica - Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894-1902)
• Dominican Republic
  • President -
    1. Ulises Heureaux, President of the Dominican Republic (1889-1899)
    2. Wenceslao Figuereo, President of the Dominican Republic (1899)
    3. Horacio Vasquez, President of the Dominican Republic (1899)
    4. Juan Isidro Jiménez, President of the Dominican Republic (1899-1902)
• El Salvador - Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898-1903)
• Guatemala - Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898-1920)
• Haiti - Tirésias Simon-Sam, President of Haiti (1896-1902)
• Honduras
  • President -
    1. Policarpo Bonilla, President of Honduras (1894-1899)
    2. Terencio Sierra, President of Honduras (1899-1903)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884-1911)
• Nicaragua - José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua, (1893-1909)
• United States - William McKinley, President of the United States (1897-1901)

Oceania

• New Zealand
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
  • Governor-General - The Earl of Ranfurly, Governor-General of New Zealand (1897 - 1904)
  • Prime Minister - Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1893 - 1906)
• Niue - Togia-Pulu-toaki, King of Niue (1896-?)
• Samoa - Malietoa Tanumafili I, Malietoa (1898-1939)
• Tonga
  • Monarch - George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893 – 1918)
  • Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1893 – 1904)

South America

• Acre - Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President of Acre (1899–1900)
• Argentina - Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
• Bolivia
  • President -
    1. Severo Fernández, President of Bolivia (1896–1899)
    2. José Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
• Brazil - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898-1902)
• Chile - Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896-1901)
• Colombia - José Manuel Marroguin, President of Colombia (1898-1900)
• Ecuador - Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895-1901)
• Paraguay - Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
• Peru
  • President -
    1. Nicolas de Pierola, President of Peru (1895–1899)
    2. Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
• Uruguay -
  1. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1897-1899)
  2. José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1899)
  3. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899-1903)
• Venezuela
  • President -
    1. Ignacio Andrade, President of Venezuela (1899-1908)
    2. Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899-1908)