Spatial navigation.html |
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In computing, spatial navigation is the ability to navigate between focusable elements, such as hyperlinks and form controls, within a structured document or user interface according to the spatial location.
This method is widely used in application software like computer games.
In case of web browser, traditionally, tabbing navigation was used to change the focus within an interface, by pressing the tab key of a computer keyboard to focus on the next element (or Shift + Tab to focus on the previous one). The order is based on that in the source document. For HTML without any style, this method usually works as the spatial location of the element is in the same order of the source document. However, with the introduction of style via presentational attributes or stylesheets such as CSS, this may not be always true. Spatial navigation overcomes this problem by using the arrow keys (with one or more modifier key held) to navigate on the "2D plane" of the interface, for example, pressing up arrow key will focus on the closest focusable element on the top (relative to the current element). In many cases, this could save a lots of key presses.
This accessibility feature is available in a number of applications, e.g. Opera's web browser. For Opera users, this allows a faster way to "jump" to different areas in long web pages or articles without manually scrolling and scanning with their eyes. Some examples, as noted above, include the Tab key to jump to the next input field, but also Shift + arrow keys (up, down, right, left) to jump to various links and text headers.
Additionally, when scanning long text pages, Opera also allows to jump directly to sub-headers by issuing the S key. Traversing "up" to a previous sub-header is via the W key. (Single-key shortcuts may need to be enabled in Opera Preferences/Options to allow this navigation feature.) As noted, different applications will have varying levels of useful spatial navigation.
Doug Turner, the Minimo lead developer, has created a couple of special Mozilla Firefox builds with this feature. Eventually, this may build as a default part of Firefox.
In games such navigation is represented by for example camera-relative movement.