Timeline of the Ottoman Empire.html |
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This article provides a timeline of the Ottoman Empire.
See also Timeline of the Republic of Turkey, a chronology of the successor state to the Ottoman Empire.
This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.
Contents |
Rise (1299–1453)
- See also: Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Enlargement, and Graphical timeline
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1299 | The reign of Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, began. |
14th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1317 | Osman laid siege to the city of Bursa. | |
| 1326 | Osman died. He was succeeded by his son Orkhan I. | |
| Bursa surrendered. | ||
| Orkhan made Bursa the capital. | ||
| 1327 | With the disintegration of the Seljuk Empire, the Arab and Persian regions fragmented into several military kingdoms. | |
| 1331 | The Ottoman Turks captured Nicaea and renamed it İznik. | |
| 1334 | Crusader ships defeated a group of Turkish pirates operating in the Gulf of Edremit. |
15th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1413-1421 | Reconstruction of Ottoman Empire |
Growth (1453–1683)
- See also: Growth of the Ottoman Empire, Enlargement, and Graphical timeline
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1453 | Mehmed II (the Conqueror) captured Constantinople, Christian emperor Constantine XI died in the fighting, and the Byzantine Empire of the Greeks yielded once and for all to the Ottoman Empire as Mehmed II claimed the title of Caesar of Rome. | |
| 1462 | Mehmed the Conqueror began to build his palace, Topkapi Palace (Topkapı Sarayi). | |
| 1475 | Mehmed II captured Caffa. | |
| 1481 | May 3 | Mehmed II died. Bayezid II ascended to the throne. |
| 1483 | Constantinople is renamed Istanbul. |
16th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1520 | The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Suleiman I) began. | |
| 1521 | Suleiman I captured Belgrade. | |
| 1529 | The siege of Vienna. | |
| c.1530s-c.1650s | Sultanate of Women | |
| 1569 | The great fire of Istanbul broke out. | |
| 1541 | Suleiman I captured Budapest (known as Buda), which eventually led to conquest of most of Hungary. | |
| 1547 | Most of Hungary had been conquered. Hungary is divided, by agreement between the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I and the Hapsburg ruler (Holy Roman Emperor) Ferdinand I of Germany. | |
| 1571 | The Spanish and the Venetians defeat the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto. |
17th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1609 | The construction of the Blue Mosque under Ahmed II began. | |
| 1641 | The reign of Mohammad IV began. | |
| 1656-c.1676 | Reforms of Korprulu Grand Viziers. (Some consider Koprulu Era to last until 1703.) |
Stagnation (1683–1827)
- See also: Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire and Graphical timeline
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1686 | Hungary evacuated. | |
| 1687 | Mehmed IV died. | |
| 1699 | Ottomans ceded Hungary to Europe in the Treaty of Karlowitz. |
18th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1718 | Treaty of Passarowitz signed. |
19th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1813 | April 23 | Second Serbian Uprising: The Serbs revolted. |
| 1821 | Greek War of Independence: The Greek War of Independence began. |
Decline (1828–1908)
- See also: Decline of the Ottoman Empire, Reformation, and Graphical timeline
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | Algeria was gradually ceded to French rule. | |
| 1832 | July 21 | Greek War of Independence: Greek sovereignty was formalized. |
| 1853 | October 4 | Crimean War: The Crimean War with Russia began which, though won with British, French and Sardinian aid, would further demonstrate how backward the Ottoman military had become. |
| 1862 | February 5 | A united Romanian autonomous state was established. |
| 1877 | April 24 | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): Another war with Russia, the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, began. |
| 1878 | March 3 | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Treaty of San Stefano recognized Romanian and Serbian independence, as well as the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian principality under nominal Ottoman protection. Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia by default. |
| June 4 | Cyprus was occupied by Britain. | |
| 1881 | Tunisia became a French colony. | |
| 1882 | Egypt went under British protection. | |
| 1885 | September 6 | The province of Eastern Rumelia was transferred to Bulgarian jurisdiction. |
20th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|
Dissolution (1908–1922)
- See also: Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Reformation, and Graphical timeline
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1908 | Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia by mere declaration. | |
| October 5 | Bulgaria obtained full independence. | |
| 1912 | The Ottomans were easily defeated by Italy in a short war, with the Italians gaining Libya and ending the 340-year Ottoman presence in North Africa. | |
| November 28 | First Balkan War: Albania declared independence | |
| 1913 | May 17 | First Balkan War: The Ottoman Empire was nearly wiped out from Europe, save for Istanbul and just enough land around to defend it. |
| 1914 | August 2 | The Empire entered into World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Cyprus was annexed outright by Britain. |