Tina language.html

Tina
Spoken in:	Philippines
Region:	Zambales, Olongapo, Metro Manila, Palawan

Total speakers:	~70,000¹
Language family:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Borneo-Philippines Central Luzon Sambalic Tina
Official status
Official language in:	none
Regulated by:	Commission on the Filipino Language
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`phi`
ISO 639-3:	`xsb`
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Tina is a Sambalic language spoken by approximately 70,000 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, and Iba in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Quezon, Palawan.

Phonology

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Tina has 19 phonemes: 16 consonants and three vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

Vowels

Tina has three vowels. They are:

/a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘father’
/i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘machine’
/u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English ‘flute’

There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Tina consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

		Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops	Voiceless	p	t		k	- [ʔ]
Stops	Voiced	b	d		g
Affricates	Voiceless			(ts, ty) [tʃ]
Affricates	Voiced			(dy) [dʒ]
Fricatives			s	(sy) [ʃ]		h
Nasals		m	n	(ny) [ɲ]	ng [ŋ]
Laterals			l	(ly) [lj]
Flaps			r
Semivowels		w		j

Note: Consonants [d] and ɾ can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.

Stress

Stress is phonemic in Tina. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).

Historical sound changes

Many words pronounced as /s/ and /g/ in Filipino are pronounced as /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Tina. Compare hiko and bayo with the Filipino siko and bago.

Grammar

Nouns

Personal Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Enclitic Particles

Existential

Interrogative Words

Tina - Filipino - English

Ayti - Saan - Where

Sample texts

The Lord’s Prayer

Version from Matthew

Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin
panganggawan. Amen.²

Version from Luke

Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo.²

Philippine national proverb

Below is a translation in Tina of the Philippine national proverb³ “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Filipino.

Tina: “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay immabot ha kakaon.”
Filipino: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”

Examples

Loan Words

Numbers

Common Expressions

References

External links

Sample recordings from the GRN Network in Tina and its Candelariero sub-variety

v • d • e Sambalic languages

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